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Class-12Geography

Geography | Transport and Communication (Fundamentals of Human Geography)

This video lesson is on Transport and Communication and its different dimensions

Introduction to CBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter "Transport and Communication - Fundamentals of Human Geography"

Transport:

  • Transport is a service that facilitates the movement of people and goods from one place to another using various modes such as human, animal, and vehicle-based transport.
  • It includes loading, unloading, and delivery services and forms a crucial part of the economic infrastructure.

Modes of Transportation:

  1. Land Transport:
    • Roads: Roads are economical for short distances and offer door-to-door service. They can be metalled (all-weather) or unmetalled. Developed countries have better-quality roads due to significant investment in construction and maintenance.
    • Railways: Railways are ideal for transporting bulky goods and passengers over long distances. They connect industrial areas, urban centers, and mineral-rich regions. Trans-continental railways link major economic centers across continents.
  2. Water Transport:
    • Sea Routes: Sea routes are used for international trade and are cost-effective for transporting large quantities of goods. Major sea routes include the North Atlantic Sea Route, Mediterranean-Indian Ocean Sea Route, and the North Pacific Sea Route.
    • Inland Waterways: Rivers, canals, lakes, and coastal areas facilitate inland water transport. Important inland waterways include the Rhine Waterway, Danube Waterway, and the Great Lakes-St. Lawrence Seaway.
  3. Air Transport:
    • Air transport is the fastest mode of transport but also the most expensive. It is vital for connecting remote and inhospitable areas and is more developed in industrialized countries.
    • Inter-continental air routes link major cities across continents, facilitating international travel and trade.
  4. Pipelines:
    • Pipelines are used for transporting water, petroleum, natural gas, and other fluids. They provide an uninterrupted flow and are commonly used in countries like the USA, Russia, and India.

Communication:

  • Communication involves the transmission of information over distances using telegraph, telephone, and modern technologies like the internet and satellite communication.
  • Optical Fibre Cables (OFC) and the internet have revolutionized communication, enabling large quantities of data to be transmitted quickly and efficiently.

Satellite Communication:

  • Artificial satellites are deployed in Earth’s orbit to enhance communication and connectivity. India has developed and launched its own satellites, such as Aryabhatta, Bhaskar, and INSAT series, for long-distance communication and weather forecasting.

Cyber Space-Internet:

  • The internet, also known as cyber space, provides instant connectivity and access to information. It encompasses various online services like email, e-commerce, e-learning, and e-governance.
  • The majority of internet users are in countries like the USA, UK, Germany, Japan, China, and India.

Assignments for CBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter “Transport and Communication – Fundamentals of Human Geography”

  1. Case Study Analysis: Analyze the impact of the development of the internet on global communication and trade.
  2. Research Project: Investigate the role of trans-continental railways in economic integration and development.
  3. Debate Preparation: Prepare for a debate on the environmental impact of different modes of transport.
  4. Chart Creation: Create a flowchart illustrating the various modes of transport and communication, their advantages, and their disadvantages.
  5. Role Play: Conduct a mock international conference where students represent different countries discussing their transport and communication infrastructure.

Conclusion

The chapter “Transport and Communication – Fundamentals of Human Geography” provides a comprehensive understanding of the different modes of transport and communication systems that facilitate the movement of goods, people, and information. It highlights the significance of efficient transport and communication networks in economic development and globalization.

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Questions and Answers for CBSE Class 12 Geography Chapter "Transport and Communication - Fundamentals of Human Geography"

Q1: What are the main modes of transportation?
ANS: The main modes of transportation are land, water, air, and pipelines.

Q2: Why are roads considered economical for short distances?
ANS: Roads are considered economical for short distances because they offer door-to-door service and do not require significant infrastructure investment compared to other modes of transport.

Q3: What are trans-continental railways?
ANS: Trans-continental railways are railway lines that run across a continent, linking its two ends. They are constructed for economic and political reasons.

Q4: Name two major sea routes and their significance.
ANS:

  1. North Atlantic Sea Route: It links North-Eastern USA and North-Western Europe and is the busiest sea route in the world.
  2. Mediterranean-Indian Ocean Sea Route: It connects industrialized Western Europe with West Africa, South Africa, South-East Asia, Australia, and New Zealand.

Q5: What is the role of pipelines in transportation?
ANS: Pipelines are used for transporting water, petroleum, natural gas, and other fluids, providing an uninterrupted flow and reducing transportation costs.

Q6: How has the internet revolutionized communication?
ANS: The internet has revolutionized communication by enabling instant connectivity, quick transmission of large quantities of data, and providing various online services like email, e-commerce, and e-learning.

Q7: What are the benefits of air transport?
ANS: Air transport is the fastest means of transport, essential for connecting remote and inhospitable areas, and is crucial for international travel and trade.

Q8: Describe the significance of satellite communication.
ANS: Satellite communication enhances connectivity, reduces the cost and time of communication, and supports various services like weather forecasting, television broadcasting, and global positioning systems (GPS).

Q9: What is road density, and why is it important?
ANS: Road density is the total length of roads per hundred square kilometers of area. It is important as it indicates the development and accessibility of a region’s transportation infrastructure.

Q10: How do inland waterways contribute to transportation?
ANS: Inland waterways provide a cost-effective and efficient means of transporting cargo and passengers over rivers, canals, lakes, and coastal areas, reducing congestion on land routes.

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